Did the Ancient Israelites Think Children Were People. Hes going to share the risks & the hardships with the people. night | 74 views, 3 likes, 0 loves, 3 comments, 1 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Historic Baptist Church: Sunday Night Were seeking to build our community and to impact many more lives as we add two new full-time pastors. That the order of the buildings in the text is the same as the order `on the ground' is likely but not certain. supra. Was any town wall of the Persian period ever excavated? (Courtesy Ancient Jerusalem Project). Required fields are marked *, COPYRIGHT 2023 BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY SOCIETY 5614 Connecticut Ave NW #343, Washington DC 20015-2604. The Bible's grand narrative about Israel's Exodus from Egypt is central to Biblical religion, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim identity and the formation of the academic disciplines studying the ancient Near East. Its not enough to know what needs to be done; we also need the motivation to make it happen. Nebuchadnezzar The walls of Jerusalem had been destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC. Hold up one of the paper bricks and explain the following: The wall of Jerusalem is about 40 feet high and 2.5 miles long! The Persian material included a bronze mirror, silver rings, an Egyptian jar made of faience and an Attic jug - all luxury items, probably imported. Herod Agrippa (r. 4144 C.E.) Ltd. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Instagram. it is all small letters. Combine a one-year tablet and print subscription to BAR with membership in the BAS Library to start your journey into the ancient past today! Then they said, Let us start building! So they committed themselves to the common good. Archaeologist have not been silent either. Indeed, the walls that surround the Old City of Jerusalem today are only around 500 years old, having been constructed by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in the mid-16th century. The walls of the Old City encompass an area of roughly 250 acres and extend for more than 2.5 miles. Nisan] See note on Nehemiah 1:1.This name only occurs elsewhere in the O.T. Were literally rebuilding our oldest walls which were built over 150 years ago as well as the roof of the chapel and installing a new steeple. For the next three centuries, the city remained without protective walls, the Temple Mount/Haram ash-Sharif and the citadel then being the only well-fortified areas. Many of the places mentioned cannot be identified. King Hezekiah fortified the existing walls of the city and built a new wall in a rapid manner to protect those living outside the city walls. , in I. Finkelstein, I and N. Na`aman (eds. Above the Gichon spring she dug a long trench from top to bottom in order to analyse all layers of habitation of the ancient city. 4, 8, 'The first month, which according to the Macedonians is called Xanthicus, but according to us Nisan.' Its meaning is uncertain; according to some its root-idea is . Another problem: if this list includes only the walls around the southeastern hill and the Temple Mount, then nine city gates seem to be an extravaganza for such a small area. So I went up by way of the valley by night & inspected the wall. That could be two years later, a hundred years later or a thousand years later. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. 7We have offended you deeply, failing to keep the commandments, the statutes, and the ordinances that you commanded your servant Moses. The fish bones analysed come from fish from the Mediterranean Sea and Lake Tiberias. He also made weapons and shields in abundance. Rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem was important because it revealed God's blessing, served as a sign to Israel's enemies, and showed God was with His people. . Not every section was completed, however, and many towers were left unfinished. [4] Also in the Amarna letters, it is called Beth-Shalem, the house of Shalem.[5]. News and Interpretations on the Bible and Ancient Near East History. D. Ussishkin,. He points out that Persian material was found only on the southeastern hill, the City of David, and not in other parts of the site that were inhabited in the Late Iron Age. 8 And David said on that day, Whoever would strike the Jebusites, let him get up the water shaft to attack the lame and the blind, who are hated by David's soul. Therefore, it is said, The blind and the lame shall not come into the house. 9 And David lived in the stronghold and called it the city of David. At the foot of the tower and wall was a thick layer of stony debris containing Babylonian and Persian pottery. 1 The words of a Nehemiah the son of Hacaliah.. Now it happened in the month of b Chislev, c in the twentieth year, as I was in d Susa the citadel, 2 that e Hanani, one of my brothers, came with certain men from Judah. The seat of the Persian province of Yehud would therefore not be in Jerusalem but in Ramat Rachel, where a palace from the Persian era has been excavated (Lipschits et al. If we are sure (are we, absolutely?) In this map the walls surround the southeastern hill and the Temple Mount only; it is assumed that other parts of the Late Iron Age city were not reconstructed. In an interview General Manager Peter Gelb said his challenge was to convince those who love opera that it has to change with the times or it will die with them. M. L. Steiner, `The Palace of David Reconsidered in the Light of Earlier Excavations, op http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/palace_2468.shtml (2009). In the month of Chislev, in the twentieth year, while I was in Susa the capital, 2 one of my brothers, Hanani, came with certain men from Judah; and I asked them about the Jews that survived, those who had escaped the captivity, and about Jerusalem. The walls of Jerusalem had been destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC. In 1202 to 1212 Saladin's nephew, Al-Malik al-Mu'azzam 'Isa, ordered the reconstruction of the city walls, but later on, in 1219, he reconsidered the situation after most of the watchtowers had been built and had the walls torn down, mainly because he feared that the Crusaders would benefit of the fortifications if they managed to reconquer the city. My interpretation (and that of others) was that there had been a building on top of the hill in those periods, of which the remains, together with the pottery, had been swept down the slope when a fortification was built on that spot. This would indicate that rich families still lived in or around Jerusalem in the Persian period. Nehemiah 1:3, "They said to me, 'Those who survived the exile and are back in the province are in great trouble and disgrace. A book about Judah in the Babylonian era is aptly subtitled The Archaeology of Desolation (Faust 2012). At the top of the slope there was a large tower and a stretch of city wall from the Late Hellenistic period, built by the Maccabees in the 2nd century BC. Courtesy Nathan Steinmeyer. Or was it an unimportant, undefended settlement, in which only the local temple still had any meaning? Some scholars, however, do not allow themselves to be discouraged by this and draw with confidence a map of Jerusalem based on the biblical texts. These texts have clearly been written for people who lived in Jerusalem and knew exactly where the constructions mentioned were located, not for later generations not acquainted with the town. Moriah upon the threshing floor of Araunah. These walls were built by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in the sixteenth century, roughly following the course of the walls built by the Romans to encircle Jerusalem in the second century. [8][9] The tower as well as the entire city wall were long destroyed by the time the Ottoman Turks built theirs, possibly since 1219 when Ayyubid ruler Al-Mu'azzam Isa razed most of the city fortifications.[9]. (Photo Chamberi / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)). The church faces a similar challenge. G. Barkay, Excavations at Ketef Hinnom in Jerusalem, in: In: H. Geva, (ed.). A portion of this "broad wall" still stands in today's Jewish Quarter. Happy Purim! This meant building new defenses. In the Late Hellenistic period that construction then was rebuilt or restored and the older wall was not visible anymore. However, God sovereignly moved in the heart of Artaxerxes, king of Persia, to allow Nehemiah to rebuild the walls. Jennie Ebeling --Department of Archaeology and Art History, University of Evansville, Copyright 2000-2023 The Bible and Interpretation| All Rights Reserved |The University of Arizona | Developed bySBS Tech Unfortunately, the Bible texts remain vague on the exact location of these structures. According to Jewish tradition, as expressed in the Tanakh, Jerusalem remained a Jebusite city until the rise of David, who conquered Jebus, renamed it City of David and started expanding it. Only since the end of the 19th century do we know that the town from the Bronze and Iron Ages, roughly the period from 3200 - 600 BC, was built near the only natural spring in the area, the Gichon spring at the foot of the eastern slope of the southeastern hill (Steiner 2014). R. Reich, `The Ancient Burial Ground in the Mamilla Neighborhood, Jerusalem, in H. Geva (ed. We have all met people whose defenses have . LOVE THE VIDEOS OR PHOTOS OF JERUSALEM or WHATEVER PHOTOS YOU MAY HAVE. The books of Ezra and Nehemiah detail the rebuilding of the Temple, the walls of Jerusalem, and the gates under Zerubbabel, the Governor of Judea. The identification of Jebus with Jerusalem has been disputed, principally by Niels Peter Lemche. Upon hearing that the wall of Jerusalem was down and destroyed, along with the gates being burned down, Nehemiah cried. But did he do it? The wall of Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonians about 586 BC. Agrippa I (r. 4144 CE) later began the construction of the Third Wall, which was completed just at the beginning of the First JewishRoman War. Nehemiah 3:1 According to the following report, the rebuilding of the wall started at the middle of the north side and proceeded counterclockwise around the city. Dormition Abbey, built on the foundations of a fifth-century basilica. in length. Looking out over the walls of Jerusalem. INTRODUCTION: Nehemiah means "The Lord Comforts". When the work does become public, the opposition begins immediately & steadily grows, escalating in intensity to the point of his enemies unsuccessfully plotting his assassination. The call to action is the third element of Nehemiahs speech & in it Nehemiahs confidence is contagious. If Persian pottery was found underneath the tower, this means that the tower itself was built later. It contains three elements: identification with the people, an acknowledgement of the seriousness of the situation, & a call to action. He set to work resolutely and built up all the wall that was broken down and raised towers upon it, and outside it he built another wall, and he strengthened the Millo in the city of David. This fortress housed the governor of Yehud together with a garrison of soldiers and their families, as well as local service personnel and merchants. The only animal I took was the animal I rode. In the month of Chislev (kiz-lev), in the twentieth year, while I was in Susa the capital, 2one of my brothers, Hanani (hah-nay-nee), came with certain men from Judah; and I asked them about the Jews that survived, those who had escaped the captivity, and about Jerusalem. [3], The city of Jerusalem has been surrounded by defensive walls since ancient times. However, it is not clear if this wall was in use for that whole period, as the archaeological evidence for Late Bronze Age and early Iron Age Jerusalem remains murky and hotly debated. Who destroyed the walls of Jerusalem that Nehemiah rebuilt? How large was Nehemiahs Jerusalem and how did it function within the Persian empire? The General got off his horse and entered through the gate on foot, to show respect for the city. So the wall was finished on the twenty-fifth day of the month Elul, in fifty-two days. The Old City of Jerusalem is currently divided into the Muslim, Christian, Armenian, and Jewish Quarters. ), O. Lipschits, `Persian Period Finds from Jerusalem: Facts and Interpretations.. That provided an opportunity to look underneath and behind the tower. Some people might think, our church is fine the way it is, why worry about ten years from now? The city was blessed with natural valleys around it that made it easy to defend. E. Mazar, The Palace of King David. Nehemiahs speech to the citizens of Jerusalem is masterful in its simplicity & directness. And the king and his men went to Jerusalem against the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, who said to David, You will not come in here, but the blind and the lame will ward you offthinking, David cannot come in here. 7 Nevertheless, David took the stronghold of Zion, that is, the city of David. Upon hearing that the wall of Jerusalem was down and destroyed, along with the gates being burned down, Nehemiah cried. The walls of Jerusalem had been destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC. He took the expansion of the Hasmonean Temple Mount and extended it on three sides, to the north, west, and south. Wright --University of Arizona, Center for Judaic Studies But that did not make Jerusalem a large or prosperous town. In the foreground the wall that she dated to the Persian period with behind it the small tower. During the time of Hezekiah, Jerusalems urban population had grown far outside the old walls of the city and were unprotected. The emphasis is on the exiles and on the return to the old land after the Persians had conquered Babylon in 539 BC and included Judah into their empire. 3 They replied, 'The survivors there in the province who escaped captivity are in great . The Walls of Jerusalem (Hebrew: , Arabic: ) surround the Old City of Jerusalem (approx. ), M. L. Steiner, `One Hundred and Fifty Years of Excavating Jerusalem, in B. Wagemakers (ed. But is it plausible that these were repaired too by the small group of people who lived in the city after the Exile? Now this is the account of the forced labor which King Solomon levied to build the house of the Lord, his own house, the Millo, the wall of Jerusalem, Hazor, Megiddo, and Gezer. This wall would remain in use until 586 B.C.E. In this map the walls surround the southeastern hill and the Temple Mount only; it is assumed that other parts of the Late Iron Age city were not reconstructed. In 1535, when Jerusalem was part of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Suleiman I ordered the ruined city walls to be rebuilt. About ten feet thick and up to fifty feet high, Suleiman's wall is dotted with forty-two defensive lookout posts. In the foreground the wall that she dated to the Persian period with behind it the small tower. This town was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC, and many of its inhabitants were sent into exile. He was motivated. Upon hearing that the wall of Jerusalem was down and destroyed, along with the gates being burned down, Nehemiah cried. There is the technical side & the human side. ), Jerusalem was not fortified until the Middle Bronze Age (c. 20001550 B.C.E.). During this time, observant Jews refrain from certain joyful activities and commemorate the destruction of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem, as well as other historical tragedies. Although eight gates can be seen along the walls, only seven are in use today. This is not the last time that happened on a construction job. The work took some four years, between 1537 and 1541. If HolyLandSite.com is helpful to you, and you would like to support our work, we would be deeply grateful. Or was it a small undefended settlement in which only the local temple had any significance? Due to this dearth of material, interpretations are becoming increasingly important. But when Sanballat the Horonite & Tobiah the Ammonite official, & Geshem the Arab heard of it, they mocked & ridiculed us, saying, What is this that you are doing? The excavations of Kathleen Kenyon. Give success to your servant today, and grant him mercy in the sight of this man! At the time, I was cupbearer to the king.. Was it a walled town with a central temple, the seat of the governor, a centre of administration, religion and economy? The Jewish Quarter (Hebrew: , HaRova HaYehudi; Arabic: , Harat al-Yehud) is one of the four traditional quarters of the Old City of Jerusalem (part of Israeli-occupied East Jerusalem).The 116,000 square meter area lies in the southwestern sector of the walled city, and stretches from the Zion Gate in the south, along the Armenian Quarter on the west . King Solomon might have added to the defensive fortifications, OnSite: Bethlehems Church of the Nativity. When that happens, the result is often that people like Josephs brothers try to kill the visionary. 2:3). PayPal does not require you to create a PayPal account to use your credit card. Jerusalem in the Time of Nehemiah Map Rebuilding of the Walls around Jerusalem in the Second Temple period by Nehemiah The entire city of Jerusalem, including the Temple, was destroyed in c. 586 B.C. Eventually he returns through the Valley Gate. Under the rule of the Hasmonean dynasty, the citys walls expanded once again, to form what the Jewish historian Josephus called the First Wall. We heard in Nehemiah 1 how Nehemiah inquired about the situation in Jerusalem (verses 2-3), empathized with those who were hurting (verse 4), humbled himself before God (verse 4) & prayed (verses 5-11) expressing adoration to God (v. 5), confessing his nations sin to the Lord (verses 6-7)), & petitioning God for help (verses 8-11). Fortifying the town would certainly not have been tolerated by the Persian authorities, and the story as told in the biblical book of Nehemiah would be a much later construction. He became Governor of Judah somewhere after. The section of wall, about 230 feet long (70 meters) and 19 feet (6 meters) high, is located in the area known as the Ophel, between the City of David and the southern wall of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. And so Nehemiah travels west to Jerusalem. H. Lernau, `Fish Bones, in E. Mazar (ed. In 586 BC the Babylonians left behind a town largely destroyed. This would imply the construction of supply and service buildings, a palace for the governor and houses for the inhabitants. Jerusalem was desolate after the destruction. Another point is the size and function of Jerusalem during the Persian period. ), A. M. L. Steiner, `The City of David as a Palimpsest, in L. Niesioowski-Span and E. Pfoh (eds.). A portion of the wall was discovered in the 1970s by Israeli archaeologist Nahman Avigad and dated to the reign of King Hezekiah (716687 BC). Several tombs have been found here with finds from the Iron Age unto the Hellenistic period. 1. ), Archaeology in the Land of `Tells and Ruins. Click here to take a video tour atop Jerusalems ancient walls. Virtually any citizen of the ancient world could tick off three reasons why a wall was far more than just a pile of rocks. The city walls and its fortress provided additional protection. Take a video tour atop the walls of the Old City. Despite the detailed description of walls and gates, scholars debate the actual size of the settlement in Persian times and even question whether the walls were really reconstructed. Was it a walled town with a central temple, the seat of the governor, the centre of government, religion and economy? The wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and its gates have been burned with fire.' When [Nehemiah] heard these things, [he] sat down and wept" (Nehemiah 1:3). We don't know that Jerusalem was a gubernatorial seat. He can see that rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem is a restoration job on several levels. When I look at what is happening in our nation, I am seriously concerned that there is little to no concern for the common good as so many leaders & members of every political party seem more focused on power & money than what is for the long term common good of our country. The claim of Nehemiah is, I think, that he gave the city the symbolic appearance of an independent state - underlyingly, that there had been a deal whose terms were: no restoration of the former royal house but governors of the province to be Jewish. Jerusalems walls were largely neglected by the Crusader kingdom, although moderate rebuilding activities attempted to close breaches in the walls. Nehemiah was the cupbearer to the Persian emperor Artaxerxes I, the most powerful ruler of that time. Arabic inscription inside Lions Gate. Although little has been found of the town itself, some finds suggest the presence of wealthy inhabitants, such as the rich elite graves that have been uncovered. After this destruction the wider area was largely, but not entirely, abandoned. Stepping out in faith means looking squarely at the problems, knowing the facts, & understanding what has taken place previously, then we look to God & use our God given gifts to come up with solutions & we work for success. This suggests that the rubble was swept down before the Late Persian period began, and that a city wall may have been built there at that time. At the beginning, he also told no one the vision God had given him for building Jerusalems walls. Today, they are revealed in their full height and splendor, after rubble accumulated over centuries was cleared away. The Old City is home to three major shrines of the world\\'s religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Every important building he burned down. By Margreet L. Steiner Though the temple has been rebuilt, the city walls were as they had been for the last 130 years, with the result that the inhabitants of Jerusalem had no way of defending themselves against their enemies (see Nehemiah 4:11). There were lots of people who tried to stop them. . The walls were still in ruin 140 years later when Nehemiah came to Jerusalem. What he encounters is terrifying. This is true in our lives as well as for Nehemiah. Its walls were destroyed, houses had collapsed, the famous temple was robbed and set on fire, and a large part of the administrative elite and craftsmen were taken into exile. People didn't just eat what the land nearby yielded; fish bones were found from sea bream and mullet from the Mediterranean Sea and catfish from the river Jordan or Lake Tiberias (Lernau 2015). Because Nehemiah sees what others cannot, he issues a call to action. In 701 BC, the Assyrians, headed by Sennacherib invaded Judah, the Southern Kingdom of Israel, because of their disobedience to God. He sees not only the reality of what is, but what can be. Many biblical scholars have been allured by these texts to sketch a map of the city based on the descriptions therein - see for instance https://medium.com/@chrisvonada/the-courage-and-calling-of-nehemiah-1b64df490373. Whether Jerusalem was a birah, a Persian fortress, or a provincial capital possibly fortified by or with the permission of the Persian authorities to safeguard their interests cannot be determined on the basis of current evidence. If the original wall would have been built in the Late Hellenistic period, one would expect pottery from the Babylonian, Early and Late Persian and Early Hellenistic periods in that rubble. One of Sultan Suleimans greatest projects was the restoration of the walls of Jerusalem. Later - in Persian times - the temple would have been provisionally restored and Jerusalem would have been a non-walled, largely empty settlement where some priests lived who maintained the temple services. What Nehemiah lacked in technical knowledge, he more than makes up for with his ability to motivate and unite people to share in the challenge of rebuilding the walls. [1] [2] The walls are visible on most old maps of Jerusalem over the last 1,500 years. Like Churchill, Nehemiah begins by stating how bad the problem truly is, looking not only at the wall but at their vulnerability without it. I went out by night by the Valley Gate past the Dragons Spring & to the Dung Gate, & I inspected the walls of Jerusalem that had been broken down & its gates that had been destroyed by fire. In 1981, the Jerusalem walls were added, along with the Old City of Jerusalem, to the UNESCO World Heritage Site List. Nehemiah 2:11-20, The Man Who Rebuilt Jerusalem Come, let us rebuild the wall of Jerusalem, so that we may no longer suffer disgrace. I told them that the hand of my God had been gracious upon me, & also the words that the king had spoken to me. In this respect, the description in Nehemiah 3 is correct. R. Reich, `The Ancient Burial Ground in the Mamilla Neighborhood, Jerusalem, in H. Geva (ed. Nehemiah, a servant of King Artaxerxes, was an Israelite who lived in the Persian city of Shushan. G. Barkay, Excavations at Ketef Hinnom in Jerusalem, in: In: H. Geva, (ed. Upon hearing that the wall of Jerusalem was down and destroyed, along with the gates being burned down, Nehemiah cried. Having faith doesnt mean we ignore problems, that were blind to the facts, or that we are ignorant of what has taken place over time. The rebuilding and repair of the wall was a miracle. Nehemiah's brother came from Judah with bad news: 'The people who returned to Jerusalem are not safe. Kulakov in Zaoksky<br><br>1 In the month of Nisan, in the twentieth year of King Artaxerxes, when the wine was brought, I took the cup to the king and gave it to him. This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. Nehemiah begins with a moonlit tour of the walls to assess the damage & the scope of the work to be done. Nehemiah, a servant of King Artaxerxes, was an Israelite who lived in the Persian city of Shushan. K. A. Ristau, Reconstructing Jerusalem: Persian Period Prophetic Perspectives, University Park, Pa, 2016. All in all, archaeological research has not found any actual Persian fortifications but at most indirect evidence for their construction. JUST WONDERING. A History of Excavations in the Holy Land Inspired by the Photographs and Accounts of Leo Boer. The Walls that Nehemiah Built: The Town of Jerusalem in the Persian Period, Many biblical scholars have been allured by these texts to sketch a map of the city based on the descriptions therein - see for instance, https://medium.com/@chrisvonada/the-courage-and-calling-of-nehemiah-1b64df490373. After the return from exile, the small Jewish populationunder Nehemiah's leadershiprebuilt the walls of Jerusalem with dimensions similar to Solomon's day. 1538-1541 - Suleiman the Magnificent Rebuilds the Walls of Jerusalem British Mandate (1917-1948) 1917 - British Capture Jerusalem in World War I Divided City (1948-1967) 1948 - State of Israel Established; Jerusalem Divided By Armistice Lines Between Israel & Jordan Reunification (1967-Present) Rebuilding the Wall of Jerusalem -These are the people who helped rebuild the wall and gates of Jerusalem:The high priest Eliashib and the other priests rebuilt Sheep Gate and hung its doors. 32:34). The Broad Wall constructed by King Hezekiah (late eighth-century B.C.E.). If our plans are not based on reality or the facts its highly unlikely our plans will be successful. Just like their builder, however, the modern walls can only be described as magnificent. The pottery she found there originated in the Persian period, which, according to her, proved that the tower itself was Persian in date and therefore part of the fortifications mentioned in Nehemiah 3. Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "WH Committee: 1st Extraordinary Session, Paris 1981", Selections from the Tell El-Amarna letters, "Building inscription commemorating the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Ottoman period, 1535-1538, Stone, Israel Antiquities Authority, IAA: 1942-265, Archaeology/Islamic Art & Archaeology", Tancred's Tower / Qasr Jalud (Goliath's Castle), Institute for International Urban Development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walls_of_Jerusalem&oldid=1142505729. 3 And they said to me, The remnant there in the province who had survived the exile is in great trouble and shame. General Allenby famously entered the city through this gate when the British captured Jerusalem during the First World War in 1917. Nehemiah Inspects the Walls 16 The officials did not know where I had gone or what I was doing, for I had not yet told the Jews or priests or nobles or officials or any other workers. ), Ancient Jerusalem Revealed, Jerusalem 1994, 111-118. However, the walls of the city remained in ruins until the end of the third century. 16 And when all our enemies heard of it, all the nations around us were afraid and fell greatly in their own esteem, for they perceived that this work had been accomplished with the help of our God. 8Remember the word that you commanded your servant Moses, If you are unfaithful, I will scatter you among the peoples; 9but if you return to me and keep my commandments and do them, though your outcasts are under the farthest skies, I will gather them from there and bring them to the place at which I have chosen to establish my name. 10They are your servants and your people, whom you redeemed by your great power and your strong hand.