Sacagawea with Lewis and Clark at Three Forks. In 1880, when Sacagawea was 12 years old, their tribe was attacked by a group of Hidatsa, a gun-wielding tribe, who kidnapped several girls including Sacagawea and held them captive. [Sacagawea] was one of the female prisoners taken at that time; tho' I cannot discover that she shows any emotion of sorrow in recollecting this events, or of joy in being again restored to her native country; if she has enough to eat and a few trinkets to wear I believe she would be perfectly content anywhere. On May 15, 1805, Charbonneau, whom Lewis described in his journals as perhaps the most timid waterman in the world, was piloting one of the expeditions boats when a strong wind nearly capsized the vessel. Despite this joyous family reunion, Sacagawea remained with the explorers for the trip west. Wiki User. Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, with his wife, Marie Dorion, founded Fort Laramie in Wyoming in 1805. According to Clarks journals, the boat was carrying the expeditions papers, Instruments, books, medicine, a great proportion of our merchandize, and in short almost every article indispensibly necessary to their mission. Historian: The majority of serious scholars believe she died of complications from childbirth in her mid-twenties. It was only because she was the only woman on the trip that the party reached the Pacific Ocean. "Sacagawea (c. 1786/1788?20 December 1812? Sacagawea joined the expedition, along with her infant son, Jean Baptiste. 2021. www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/sacagawea. What happened to Sacagawea? member of the Corps of Discovery was hired for a special skill such as hunting, woodworking, blacksmithing, and sailing. She was born sometime around 1790. At age 6, his uncle gave him a Duane Eddy record and forever changed his life. However, many Shoshone Indians maintain that it is a Shoshone name meaning boat launcherand spell and pronounce it Sacajawea.. The English-Shoshone communication would require a four language chain interpretation. Sacagawea and new born son, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau. Other evidence that cropped up during the 20th century indicated that Sacagawea, living under the name Porivo, died in 1884 in Wind River, Wyoming, near age 100. She was sold to Toussaint Charbonneau, a French-Canadian . Sacagawea was born in approximately 1788, the daughter of a Shoshone Indian Chief, in Lemhi County, Idaho. The couple had two children together, a son named Jean-Baptiste and a daughter named Lisette. Interpreters with Lewis And Clark: The Story of Sacagawea And Toussaint Charbonneau. What happened to Sacagawea when the expedition returned East? 1. Lewis and Clark believed that her knowledge of the Shoshone language would help them later in their journey. [Sacagawea's] experiences may have made her one of those people permanently stuck between cultures, not entirely welcome in her new life nor able to return to her old. What happened to Sacagawea after Lewis and Clark? Frazier, Neta Lohnes. She . This was most famously embraced by at least one historian, the University of Wyomings Grace Raymond Hebard, who wrote a 1933 biography titled Sacajawea. Charbonneau was about 37 years old and Sacagawea 16. , whom Clark later nicknamed "Pomp," meaning "first born" in Shoshone. Scholars think she may have been born around 1788 in Lemhi County, Idaho among the Agaidikas or Salmon-Eater Shoshones of the Lemhi Shoshone tribe. She was a member of the Lemhi Shoshone tribe (which literally translates as . In February 1805, Sacagawea gave birth to a son named Jean Baptiste Charbonneau. After the expedition, Sacagawea and Charbonneau spent three years living among the Hidatsa in North Dakota and then accepted Clark's invitation to move where he lived in St. Louis, Missouri. weaning (Abbott 54). Since 2009 the design of the reverse of the coin has been changed every year. According to his service, Charbonneau received 320 acres of land valued at $500.33, while Sacagwea received no compensation. Death Year: 1812, Death State: South Dakota, Death City: Kenel, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Sacagawea Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/history-culture/sacagawea, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: May 6, 2021, Original Published Date: April 3, 2014. T. hough spelled numerous ways in the journals of expedition members, is generally believed to be a Hidatsa name (, means woman). Reliable historical information about Sacagawea is very limited. Here is where they met Toussaint Charbonneau,who lived among the Mandans. The territory is now known as Idaho but boasted a peaceful backdrop for her upbringing. "Sacagawea." She was married to a French trader named Toussaint Charbonneau while living in the Mandan-Hidatsa region. Sacagawea grew up surrounded by the Rocky Mountains in the Salmon River region of what is now Idaho, a member of the Lemhi tribe of the Native American Shoshone tribe. She married a Hidatsa man named Tetanoueta in 1810, and they had a daughter. When Lewis and Clark found out that he had a Shoshone wife they took interest in him as they would need their help acquiring horses once they reached the Shoshone nation. Sacagawea was forced to marry Toussaint Charbonneau in 1801 without her consent. During the expedition Clark became very fond of Jean Babtiste and offered Charbonneau and Sacagawea to give him an education and raise him as his own child. At approximately fteen and a half years old and six months pregnant, Sacagawea joined the Corps . Two years later, Charbonneau and Sacagawea left St. Louis to join a fur-trading expedition, leaving Jean Baptiste with Captain Clark, who had become the boy's godfather. There is some ambiguity aroundSacagaweasdeath. She wanted to see the natural wonder with her own eyes. As a result, she could communicate with the Shohanies (both tribes spoke two completely different languages). He would, not yet two) but indicated they would bring him to St. Louis when he was older, Little is known about Sacagaweas life after the expedition. Sacagawea and Jean Baptiste died within a few months of each other in 1812. Sacagawea. Best Answer. The name Sacagawea can be pronounced in a variety of ways, but it is not always the best way to do so. Sacagawea was not paid in any way, and she was only responsible for assisting the other members of the team. She had given birth to at least three children, the last one just a few months before her death. After leaving the expedition, she died at Fort Manuel in what is now Kenel, South Dakota, circa 1812. Jefferson hired Virginias Meriwether Lewis to explore th, Lewis sought out frontiersman William Clark. There is so much discussion and argument as to the spelling of her name: Her name in the Shoshone language means Bird Woman and in Hidatsa Boat Launcher. She suggested that I follow the Rocky Mountains (now known as Bozeman Pass) to get there. went back to the Upper Missouri River area and worked for Manuel Lisa, a Missouri Fur Company trader. As far as historians know, the first written reference to Sacagawea dates to November 4, 1804, when Clark referred to her in his journal simply as one of the wives of the newly hired Charbonneau. Sakakaweas story is currently taught in schools across the country, and she is one of the most significant figures in American history. When the expedition ended, Sacagawea and Toussaint returned to their Hidatsa village. National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Gift of Mrs. Joseph Harrison Jr. On December 21st, 1804 Lewis and Clark and his group of Corps of Discovery explorersdecided to settle in Fort Mandan for the winter. In November 1804, an expedition led by .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Meriwether Lewis and William Clark entered the area. Abigail Adams was an early advocate for women's rights. Sacagawea. National Park Service. Accessed January 7, 2021.https://www.nps.gov/lecl/learn/historyculture/sacagawea.htm, Sacagawea. PBS. 2. They made her a slave. Though she was moved to tears, she resumed her duty as interpreter. He eventually became Jean-Baptistes godfather and ultimately, after Sacagaweas death, his legal guardian. She was taken from her Rocky Mountain. Sacagawea's actual birthdate is not known. Sacagawea was born in either 1788 or 1789. In 1800, when she was 12 years old, Hidatsa warriors raided her tribe and captured many young people, including Sacagawea. Sacagawea summary: Real and accurate information regarding the history of Sacagawea is hard to find. The newborn was strapped to Sacagawea's back on a cradleboard. When Sacagawea joined the expedition, she was only about 16 years old and had a 2-month-old son. (Charbonneau had adopted several aspects of Hidatsa culture, including polygamy.) Clark even praised her as his pilot.. Her death was a great loss to her husband, Lewis, who always spoke highly of her intelligence and courage. Historical documents tell us that Sacagawea died of an unknown illness in the year 1812. She was a Shoshone interpreter best known for serving as a member of the Lewis and Clark expedition into the American West and for being the only woman on the famous excursion. According to Lewis, he didnt regain his composure until another crewman threatened to shoot him if he didnt take hold of the rudder and do his duty.. Additionally, his marriage to the Shoshone Sacagawea wouldbe useful as they traveled west, where they would likely encounter and need to trade with the Shoshone. Sacagawea soon became a respected member of the group. In about 1800, she was kidnapped by members of the Hidatsa tribe and taken to their homeland in the Knife River Valley, near present-day Stanton, North Dakota. The Hidatsa, an American Plains Indian tribe related to the Sioux, were traditionally a sedentary people, meaning they established villages rather than travel around from place to place. Records from Fort Manuel(Manuel Lisas trading post)indicate that she diedof typhusin December 1812. . Pompy was about 18 months old at the time. On the journey, one of the most incredible things to happen to Sacagawea, kids will learn, was that she was reunited with her Shoshone family, from whom she had been kidnapped as a young girl. [Sacagawea] gave me a piece of bread made of flour, which she had reserved for her child and carefully kept untill this time This bread I ate with great satisfaction, it being the only mouthful I had tasted for several months past. Toussaint Charbonneau, a French Canadian, who had been living withthe Hidatsas and Mandans since 1796 took an interest in Sacagawea. : University of North Texas Press, 2003. Sacagawea was a Shoshone interpreter best known for being the only woman on the Lewis and Clark Expedition into the American West. Another important fact was that she was kidnapped by Hidatsa Indians when she was 10 or 11 years old. and left him with Clark to oversee his education. During a crisis on May 14,1805,Sacagawea showed bravery and clear thinkingthat earnedLewisand Clarks praise and gratitude. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. She was so respected by Lewis and Clark that when they reached the Pacific Ocean in November 1805, Sacagawea was asked to cast her vote for where they should build a fort. She aided in the Lewis and Clark Expeditions exploration of the western United States as a guide. Sacagawea was the only woman in the expedition made up of 32 male members. Sacagawea helped the Corps communicate with the Shoshone, translating alongside her husband when the explorers first met them. Sacagawea lived among the Hidatsa tribe until 1803 or 1804, when she and another Shoshone woman were either sold or gambled away to a French-Canadian fur trader named Toussaint Charbonneau, who lived among the tribe. When he was hired as a guide for Lewis and Clarks expedition in 1804, Sacagawea also joined as an interpreter to talk to Native-American people on their 8,000-mile journey. Something about Sacagawea excites the interest of several warriors during the course of this story, but she is forced to marry a sly, truculent French trapper named Charbonneau, by whom she has a son at only 14. But while Charbonneau was busy crying to his god for mercy, Sacagawea got to work. She was 16 years old, she was not originally Shoshone she was Hidatsa, she had been kidnapped when she was 12 and taken from the Hidatsa to the Shoshone, Where she now lived with her husband, Toussaint. After her daring actions saved Lewis and Clarks lives, a branch of the Missouri River was named for her. Sacagawea said she would . The Shoshones were constantly attacked by the Hidatsa Indians also known as Minitaree Sioux or Gros Ventre, allies with the Mandans, and by the Blackfeet. As they passed through her homeland, Sacagawea remembered Shoshone trails from her childhood and helped the expedition find their way through. Only a few months after her daughter's arrival, she reportedly died at Fort Manuel in what is now Kenel, South Dakota, around 1812. Copy. In 1800, when she was roughly twelve-years-old, she . In August 1812, 25-year-old Sacagawea passed away from "putrid fever." -Mandan villages where Charbonneau and Sacagawea were living. Postal Service released a Sacagawea stamp in 1994; and the U.S. Mint issued Sacagawea golden dollar coins from 2000 to 2008. In 1800, when Sacagawea was around 12 years old, a group of Hidatsa Indians kidnapped her, along with several other girls in her Shoshone tribe. In 1800, when she was about 12 years old, Sacagawea was kidnapped by a war party of Hidatsa Indians -- enemies of her people, the Shoshones. She was then sold to a French-Canadian trapper named Toussaint Charbonneau who made her one of his wives. Photo: Edgar Samuel Paxson (Personal photograph taken at Montana State Capitol) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons, Photo: Lyn Alweis/The Denver Post via Getty Images, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Sacagawea, Birth Year: 1788, Birth State: Idaho, Birth City: Lemhi County, Birth Country: United States. Who Was Sacagawea? Kidnapped by a raiding tribe, whose language she must learn, she is enslaved and groomed for the chief's son. ", According to Washington University history professor Peter Kastor, the spelling Sacajawea, with the accompanying soft g sound on the j, became the prominent one simply because that's the one the Philadelphia-based editor picked when Lewis and Clarks journals were published. ThoughSacagaweas role as a guidewas limited to the Idaho/Montana region where shehad grown up(rather than the entirety of the expedition), she still proved criticalto theCorps. Charbonneau panicked and froze, allowing the boat to tip over onto its side. In 1805, the expedition reached the Pacific Ocean. Sakakawea and Tetanoueta remained in the area after the explorers returned in 1814. Whether this medicine was truly the cause or not I shall not undertake to determine, but I was informed that she had not taken it more than ten minutes before she brought forth perhaps this remedy may be worthy of future experiments, but I must confess that I want faith as to its efficacy., Lewis and Clark and his group of Corps of Discovery explorers, Next in Biography Sacagawea joins the Lewis and Clark Expedition >>. The students will discuss diversity within the economics profession and in the federal government, and the functions of the Federal Reserve System and U. S. monetary policy, by reviewing a historic timeline and analyzing the acts of Janet Yellen. Most of what we know from her comes from the Lewis and Clark journals of the Corps of Discovery expedition. She was only about twelve years old. "Sacagawea." During the journey, Clark had become fond of her son Jean Baptiste, nicknaming him "Pomp" or "Pompey." The Hidatsa derivation is usually supported by Lewis and Clarks journals. When Sacagawea was born in 1788, she was given the name Bazilikhe, meaning bird woman in the Hidatsa language. That winter, as the members of the expedition camped at Fort Mandan, the 15-year-old Sacagawea gave birth, with Capt. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! She later married a man named Cameahwait, with whom she had several children. She is brave, puts others before herself, has perseverance and determination. They needed local guides to help them through this unknown territory. Sometime in 1811, Sacagawea gave birth to her daughter, who was named Lizette. Nelson, W. Dale. Pomp was left in Clark's care. [Note: All journal entries are presented sic throughout.]. On April 7, Sacagawea, the baby and Charbonneau headed west with the 31 other Corps members. Sacagawea was about 11- 13 years old when she was kidnapped by the Hidatsas and taken to present day Washburn, North Dakota. As a result, Charbonneau was around 34 years old at the time of his marriage to Sacagawea in 1757. Thats the account recorded by a clerk at Fort Manuel [PDF], where Sacagawea was living at the time, and the one accepted by Clark and most history texts. Sacagawea was not compensated at all. Sacagawea, with 55 day old, Jean Babtiste in her arms, accompanied the expedition in a journey that would cover 5,000 . name was Sacagawea, and she was a true survivor. Here are nine facts about Sacagawea. Fun Facts about Sacagawea 6: being kidnapped. She communicated with other tribes andinterpretedfor Lewis and Clark. Which Indian tribe kidnapped Sacagawea when she was born? She was alsoskilledat finding edible plants, which proved to be crucial to supplementing their rationsalong the journey. At the time, the Hidatsa and the Shoshone were enemy tribes, and Sacagawea's kidnap came as retribution for an earlier battle between the two. Accessed January 7, 2021.http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/inside/saca.html, Toussaint Charbonneau. PBS. They were near an area where her people camped. . 1. She was promptly sold into slavery. The first born in Shoshone, Jean-Baptiste Charbonneau, was born to Sacagawea on February 11, 1805, and he was later known as Jock, which meant first born in the community. [Sacagawea] deserved a greater reward for her attention and services on that route than we had in our power to give her at the Mandans. Traveling with Clark,Sacagawea guided his group south of the Yellowstone River by recommending aroutethrough theRockyMountains (known today as Bozeman Pass). The truth is that we don't have as much concrete information about Sacagawea as you might think, and much of what has seeped into the popular consciousness is more fiction than fact. Sacagawea gave birth to her second child, a daughter named Lisette, three years later. She received no pay for her services and died on December 20, 1812. consider, but wanted to keep the baby until it nished . Sacagawea spent the next year with the Lewis and Clark expedition, before returning to her homeland in present-day Montana. Others believe that she re-joined the shoshone after the expedition, and died in 1884. The Hidasta Tribe. All Rights Reserved. Following hercapture, French-Canadian traderToussaint Charbonneau,who was living among the Hidatsa, claimed Sacagawea as one of his wives. In 2000, the U.S. Mint commemorated her by issuing a Commemorative Dollar coin. Around 1800 when Sacagawea was between 11 or 13 years old, the Hidatsas raided her camp and kidnapped her and other young Shoshone women making them their prisoners. In 1800, Sacagawea was kidnapped and taken to North Dakota, where he remained for three years. [Sacagawea], who has been of great service to me as a pilot through this country, recommends a gap in the mountain more south, which I shall cross. She was also referred to as squaw, a term that was not derogatory at the time and that meant Native American woman. And while the 1884 theory has its supporters, most sources, including U.S. government websites, agree with the evidence that Sacagawea died in 1812. Early on Sacagawea was able to help out with the expedition. . . In 1809, it is believed that she and her husband or just her husband, according to some accounts traveled with their son to St. Louis to see Clark. She was then sold into slavery. The Lewis and Clark Expedition, which visited the Pacific Northwest from St. Louis in 1804-06, is regarded as Sacagaweas greatest achievement. Members of the Hidatsa tribe kidnapped her around 1800 and took her to their homeland in North Dakotas Knife River Valley, where she is still located today. 5. Her two children were taken into custody by Captain Lewis and Clark following her death. 600 aoo In 1800, an enemy tribe kidnapped Sacagawea. A progressive social reformer and activist, Jane Addams was on the frontline of the settlement house movement and was the first American woman to wina Nobel Peace Prize. The Fascinating Tale Of John Lennons Duel Citizenship. Sacagawea would have been about 15 years old at the time; some sources say Charbonneau was born in 1758 while others cite his birth year as 1767, putting him either in his mid-thirties or mid-forties when Sacagawea became his wife. Sacagaweawas an interpreterand guideforMeriwetherLewis and William Clarks expedition westward from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Coast. She demonstrated her leadership abilities by assisting the expedition members in crossing the wide, treacherous rivers and braving the dangerous buffalo herds. Sacagawea was born in 1788 near the Salmon River in what is now Idaho. Please be respectful of copyright. But Sacagaweas bravery and skill live on in the expeditions journals, which are full of praise for the 16-year-old Shoshone girl who guided the most famous American expedition of all time. The following is the journal entry made by Lewis on February, 1805 about the birth of Jean Babtiste: about five Oclock this evening one of the wives of Charbono was delivered of a fine boy. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. Her popularity skyrocketed during the early twentieth century as a significant historical figure. Then, in 1804, when she was only sixteen years old, Sacajawea met Lewis and Clark. In addition to being the husband of Sacagawea, he is also known as the father of her three children. The story goes that she was traveling with a buffalo hunting party in the fall of 1800 when the group was attacked by members of the Hidatsa tribe. In that case, the third syllable, However, many Shoshone Indians maintain that it is a Shoshone name meaning boat launcher, in what is now the state of Idaho. Though it was her husband who was formally employed by the Corps of Discovery in November 1804, Sacagawea was a big part of Toussaint Charbonneaus pitch to the explorers. Students will analyze the life of Hon. Sacagawea was kidnapped in 1800, which would have made her about 13 years old, by the Hidatsa tribe, and some sourses believe, was kept as a slave. Sacagawea was born in around 1786 in Idaho or Montana as a lemhi shoshone woman. If you know anything at all about Sacagawea, you probably know that she was a guide on the Lewis and Clark Expedition (also known as the Corps of Discovery) to explore the Louisiana Purchase and Pacific Northwest, sagely leading her charges through unforgiving terrain with an almost mystical knowledge of the landscape. [Sacagawea was the] only dependence for a friendly negotiation with the [Shoshoni] Indians. William Clark's journal also . As a translator, she was invaluable, as was her intimate knowledge of some difficult terrain. She could cross the Rocky Mountains by purchasing horses from the Shoshynes. Sacagawea was the face of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in the early 20th century. Kessler, Donna J. joy. Date accessed. She was part of the Native American tribe known as Shoshone and grew up in the Rocky Mountains. Sacagawea traveled 5,000 miles (10,000 km) with her infant son. With the acquisition of so much land, it was necessary to determine the actual boundaries ofthecountry. Sacagawea was a part of the Shoshones Indian tribe. She also helped the expedition to establish friendly relations with the Native American tribes they encountered. She was kidnapped in 1800 by the Hidatsa tribe, enemies of the Shoshone Indians, during a buffalo hunt. It will be held in honor of Lewis and Clarks journey across the country. A group ofmentraveling with a woman and her baby appeared less menacingthan an all-malegroup, which could be mistaken for a war party. Three years later, she was bought by Toussaint Charbonneau, a French-Canadian trapper, and made his wife. They took them to their encampment on the Missouri River, about twelve miles from current Washburn, North Dakota. Sacagawea was only 25 or 26 when she died, most likely of an infection related to childbirth. getting kidnapped and sold into marriage, she ultimately triumphed by leading America to its success: expansionism to the west. Howard, Harold P.Sacajawea. When Sacagawea was just eleven years old, the Hidatsa riding party . An anonymous, premature death is at odds with Sacagawea's modern-day status as an American icon. They took them to their encampment on the Missouri River, about twelve miles from current Washburn, North Dakota. Lewis and Clark hired Charbonneau as a member oftheir expedition, the Corps of Discovery,whileSacagawea was expecting her first child. [Sacagawea], we find, reconciles all the Indians, as to our friendly intentionsa woman with a party of men is a token of peace. [Sacagawea] recognizes the country and assures us that the three forks are at no great distance. On April 7, 1805, the Lewis and Clark party set out on their expedition to explore the unknown Northwest. She and her husband were guides from the Great Plains to the Pacific Ocean and back. As the daughter of the chief o the Lemhi Shoshone, her birth would not have been. Sacagaweas familiarity with the landscape was also helpful throughout the expedition. The group consisted of thirty-one explorers, Charbonneau, sixteen-year-old Sacagawea, and two-month-old Pomp. She was skilled at finding plants for food and medicine to help keep the explorers alive. She demonstrated to the Native tribes that their mission was peaceful, dispelling the notion that they were about to conquer. Other sources say that she became part of the tribe. Some scholars argue that romanticized versions of Sacagawas legend are a disservice to the real Sacagawa. Meriwether Lewis as her doctor. Lewis and Clark arranged for a meeting with the chief, Cameahwait, and Sacagawea served as. 1800-1803 In 1800 Sacagawea was kidnapped by the Hidatsa tribe during a buffalo hunt.When she got to their camp,she was the only one there who spoke Shoshone,she must have been very lonely, but while she was at the Hidatsa tribe for three years she learned to speak the Hidatsa language. In 1805, during a water crisis, she retrieved instruments, books, medicines, and clothing from the depths of the sea. She did it all while caring for the son she bore two months before she left, which is unusual. With her her baby on her back and her husband by her side, Sacagawea and the men left Fort Mandan on April 7,1805. Even her name is a topic that historians still argue about. Charbonneau was a French Canadian trapper.