(e) This section does not apply to an out-of-state political committee unless the committee is subject to Chapter 252 under Section 251.005. (a) A candidate may not knowingly accept a campaign contribution or make or authorize a campaign expenditure at a time when a campaign treasurer appointment for the candidate is not in effect. 253.171. (2) does not receive compensation other than reimbursement for actual expenses for engaging in communication described by Subdivision (1). 241, eff. Except for the Revolving Door section, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License by OpenSecrets.org. 1329 (H.B. June 15, 2017. An officer, director, or other agent of a corporation or labor organization who commits an offense under this subchapter is punishable for the grade of offense applicable to the corporation or labor organization. Which Founder and author of the Federalist Papers is best known for arguing that "factions" would play an important and useful role in American politics? You are called on to decide how your company should produce its new cell phone screen defroster (for use by skiers and others spending time out of doors in the cold.) (d) A person who violates this section is liable for a civil penalty not to exceed three times the amount by which the reimbursement made in violation of this section exceeds the applicable limit prescribed by Subsection (a). Incorrect answers: 14, eff. Sec. June 2, 2019. Another fiveAlabama, Nebraska, Oregon, Utah and Virginiaallow corporations to contribute an unlimited amount of money to state campaigns. 2.09, eff. 3233), Sec. Sec. GOVT 2306 Midterm review Flashcards | Quizlet (a) A judicial candidate or officeholder who makes political expenditures from the person's personal funds or who accepts one or more political contributions in the form of a loan, including an extension of credit or guarantee of a loan or extension of credit, from one or more persons related to the candidate or officeholder within the second degree of affinity or consanguinity, as determined under Subchapter B, Chapter 573, Government Code, may not reimburse those personal funds or repay those loans from political contributions in amounts that in the aggregate exceed, for each election in which the person's name appears on the ballot: (1) for a statewide judicial office, $100,000; or. What percentage of the Texas House of Representatives is elected during a presidential election year? 43, Sec. WRITE-IN CANDIDACY. $$ Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. (Which interest groups contribute the most? (a) During the period beginning on the 30th day before the date a regular legislative session convenes and continuing through the 20th day after the date of final adjournment, a person may not knowingly make a political contribution to: (3) a specific-purpose committee for supporting, opposing, or assisting a statewide officeholder or member of the legislature. running candidates September 1, 2019. 249, Sec. Which type of legislative committee is most important? The term includes an entity established by or for a legislative caucus to conduct research, education, or any other caucus activity. contributors who live outside the district. H_0: \beta_1+\beta_2=1 \quad \text { and } \quad H_A: \beta_1+\beta_2 \neq 1 \text {. } 253.105. (B) has a statutory county court or statutory probate court, other than a multicounty statutory county court created under Subchapter D, Chapter 25, Government Code. Which of the following are reasons for forming a political action committee (PAC)? Sec. 4.grassroot organizations. (a) A corporation or labor organization may make a political contribution from its own property to a political committee that: (1) is not established or controlled by a candidate or an officeholder; (2) makes or intends to make direct campaign expenditures; (3) does not make or intend to make political contributions to: (C) a specific-purpose committee established or controlled by a candidate or an officeholder; or, (D) a political committee that makes or intends to make political contributions to a candidate, an officeholder, or a specific-purpose committee established or controlled by a candidate or an officeholder; and. 253.102. Added by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. Each election year, around how many of the Texas House races face no opposition in the general election? Since Greg Abbott first declared he would run for governor on July 14, 2013, he's raised the equivalent of $83,793 per day to fund his pursuit of power. 3233), Sec. Senate Candidates, 2019 - 2020 Export to CSV Showing 1 to 10 of 10 entries *Incumbent seeking reelection. (e) Subsection (d) does not apply to a corporation or labor organization making a campaign contribution to a political committee under Section 253.097 or an expenditure to communicate with its stockholders or members, as applicable, or with the families of its stockholders or members as provided by Section 253.098. September 1, 2011. 1, eff. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. To request permission for commercial use, please contactus. 2065), Sec. 209 (H.B. Here are the individuals who have dipped deepest into their own pockets for campaign contributions to federal candidates, parties, political action committees, 527 organizations, and Carey committees. 253.157. Of the 150 districts up for election in 2022, 96 had a General election with more than one candidate. 253.032. Texas Gov Chapter 3 Flashcards | Quizlet 996, Sec. 1, eff. 384 (H.B. What is the main factor that affects bond prices? POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH APPOINTIVE OFFICE. (a) A corporation or labor organization may make one or more expenditures to finance nonpartisan voter registration and get-out-the-vote campaigns aimed at its stockholders or members, as applicable, or at the families of its stockholders or members. 1164 (H.B. (b) The contribution limits under this section are: (1) for a statewide judicial office, $5,000; or. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. Texas Politics - Federal and Texas Campaign Contribution Limits Fundraising Totals: Who Raised the Most? OpenSecrets ~~~~~\text{Cable TV bill} & & 25.00 & 25.00\\[10pt] RESTRICTIONS ON CONTRIBUTIONS DURING AND FOLLOWING REGULAR LEGISLATIVE SESSION. A state senator that usually considers all the options and chooses the one he or she believes is the best is demonstrating the ____ representational role. Chapter 3 The Texas Legislature Flashcards | Quizlet June 2, 2019. 2, eff. Sec. June 2, 2019. 899, Sec. TREATMENT OF INCORPORATED POLITICAL COMMITTEE. What is the first formal act of the Texas House at the beginning of a legislative session? Correct answers: Texas ranks among the top 10 when compared to other states in contacting or visiting public officials. contributors who live outside the district. (c) A judicial candidate or a specific-purpose committee for supporting or opposing a judicial candidate may not use a political contribution to knowingly make a political contribution to a political committee that, when aggregated with each other political contribution to a political committee in connection with a general election, exceeds $500. the Legislature wants to avoid public scrutiny, In any given legislative session, most bills. ~~~~~\text{Savings} & & 100.00 & 100.00\\ 3233), Sec. 5, eff. CONTRIBUTIONS TO DIRECT EXPENDITURE ONLY COMMITTEES. Which of the following is not among the powers of the Speaker of the House in the Texas House of Representatives? $$. Why was the Legislative Redistricting Board's multimember plan invalidated by a federal court in 1971? Substantial contributions from PACs mean greater attention from candidates. (c) This section does not apply to a political contribution made or accepted in violation of Subchapter F. (d) Except as provided by Subsection (e), a person who violates this section commits an offense. For example, among the states studied, Florida, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin all held gubernatorial elections alongside their state legislative elections in 2018 but not 2020. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Alison Graves Carley Allensworth Abigail Campbell Sarah Groat Caitlin Vanden Boom September 1, 2009. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 1, eff. A corporation or labor organization may make campaign contributions from its own property to a political committee that has filed an affidavit with the committee's campaign treasurer appointment in accordance with Section 252.003(a)(4) or 252.0031(a)(2). Sec. resale? (a) A person who knowingly makes or accepts a campaign contribution or makes a campaign expenditure in violation of this chapter is liable for damages as provided by this section. As of the semiannual reports, Republican candidates for the Texas State Legislature had raised $28.3 million, while Democrats had raised $24.9 million. -members While we have totaled the contributions to candidates to give you the big picture, you can see all the individual contributions by searching the candidates name below. 763, Sec. CONTRIBUTION ON MEASURE. A person who knowingly makes or accepts a political contribution or makes a political expenditure in violation of this chapter is liable for damages to the state in the amount of triple the value of the unlawful contribution or expenditure. (b) This section does not apply to a political expenditure made or authorized in violation of Subchapter F. Sec. 2012)]. such as textbooks, contact OpenSecrets: info[at]crp.org. 3233), Sec. Who has raised the most money? 384 (H.B. CONTRIBUTION AND EXPENDITURE WITHOUT CAMPAIGN TREASURER PROHIBITED. Generally synonymous with reapportionment. influencing governmental decisions on behalf of an interest group. June 16, 1995. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. UNLAWFULLY MAKING OR ACCEPTING CONTRIBUTION. a small six-pound cannon in Gonzales, Texas Sept. 1, 2003. the candidates' political party. As of Oct. 26, OpenSecrets shows the state's top. Republicans with large fundraising lead in state legislative races denial of government benefits that derive from an interest group's lobbying. In the case Evenwel V. Abbott (2016), the plaintiffs argued that legislative districts should be drawn based on what important factor? To eligible to run for the Texas House, you must, To be eligible to run for the Texas Senate you must. 5, eff. 1, eff. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. 240, eff. For more information, please click through. 253.040. OFFICEHOLDER CONTRIBUTIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH CAMPAIGN. A) Super PACs About __% of Texas House seats are considered competitive. What are the qualifications to be eligible to run for the Texas Senate? 1, eff. 384 (H.B. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. electioneering campaigns and get-out-the vote efforts 384 (H.B. & & &\text{Actual}\\ 17(1), eff. UNLAWFUL CONTRIBUTION OR EXPENDITURE BY COMMITTEE. (c) A person who violates this section commits an offense. What is the only state that had more constituents per senator? When Texas voters in May elected to raise the homestead exemption from $25,000 to its current level of $40,000, the average homeowner with a property valued at $300,000 was projected to see about. SEPARATE ACCOUNTS. (7) "Statewide judicial office" means the office of chief justice or justice, supreme court, or presiding judge or judge, court of criminal appeals. The date indicated by the post office cancellation mark or the common or contract carrier documents is considered to be the date the contribution was placed in the mail or delivered to the common or contract carrier unless proven otherwise. Fled because they anticipated the Governor calling a second special session and they didn't want to be forced into a quorum. 384 (H.B. (a) A corporation may not make a loan to a candidate, officeholder, or political committee for campaign or officeholder purposes unless: (1) the corporation has been legally and continuously engaged in the business of lending money for at least one year before the loan is made; and. Sec. - Employees from finance, insurance, and real estate provide the most campaign contributions among the groups listed. Sec. 4.06 & 4.07 \\ 7 (a) A candidate or officeholder or a specific-purpose committee for supporting, opposing, or assisting the candidate or officeholder may not knowingly make or authorize a payment from a political contribution if the payment is made for personal services rendered by the candidate or officeholder or by the spouse or dependent child of the candidate or officeholder to: (1) a business in which the candidate or officeholder has a participating interest of more than 10 percent, holds a position on the governing body of the business, or serves as an officer of the business; or. Washington, Fundamentally, the Supreme Court decisions in Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims were based on what principle? 1, eff. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. 4060), Sec. Sec. What do interest groups most want from policy makers? In this subchapter: (1) "Child" means a person under 18 years of age who is not and has not been married or who has not had the disabilities of minority removed for general purposes. 1, eff. 9, eff. To request permission for commercial use, please contactus. (c) A person who violates this section commits an offense. September 28, 2011. Why cant we rely on a histogram to assess kurtosis? (13) creation and maintenance of the committee's public Internet web pages that do not contain political advertising. (b) A person who violates this section is liable for a civil penalty not to exceed three times the amount of the political contributions accepted in violation of this section. Sec. Sec. September 1, 2009. 253.033. 899, Sec. 253.097. (a) For purposes of this subchapter, the following associations, whether incorporated or not, are considered to be corporations covered by this subchapter: banks, trust companies, savings and loan associations or companies, insurance companies, reciprocal or interinsurance exchanges, railroad companies, cemetery companies, government-regulated cooperatives, stock companies, and abstract and title insurance companies. Sec. 3, eff. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. As of 2010 census, there were about 811,147 constituents per state senate districts in Texas. FEC | Candidate | Who can and can't contribute 1), Sec. ACCEPTANCE OF POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS BY PERSON APPOINTED TO FILL VACANCY. Incorrect Answer(s) LIMIT ON CONTRIBUTION BY GENERAL-PURPOSE COMMITTEES. 253.038. Sept. 1, 1995. In Texas fundraising, Greg Abbott is in a league of his own | The Texas According to Table 3.6, which chamber is less competitive overall? 552, Sec. Sec. 3903), Sec. LIMITATION ON CONTRIBUTION BY OUT-OF-STATE COMMITTEE. When someone receives the benefits of collective action without contributing, it is known as which of the following? The rights to associate with others and to petition government are not guaranteed by either the U.S. or the Texas Constitution. CANDIDATES, OFFICEHOLDERS, AND POLITICAL COMMITTEES. 3233), Sec. (a) A corporation, acting alone or with one or more other corporations, may make one or more political expenditures to finance the establishment or administration of a general-purpose committee. If only a small portion of a PAC's activity is in connection with state and local elections in Texas, the political committee may be an out-of-state political committee and therefore not . (B) the reports required by Subchapter F, Chapter 254, including in the political committee's first report all political contributions accepted and all political expenditures made before the effective date of the campaign treasurer appointment. 253.098. The others . What percentage of Texas Senate is usually elected during a presidential year? What is the pay of a member of the Texas legislature? (2) the contribution, when aggregated with all political contributions accepted by the candidate or officeholder from the same law firm group in connection with the election, would exceed six times the applicable contribution limit under this section. Correct Answer(s) 899, Sec. Correct Answer(s) September 1, 2019. September 1, 2009. (b) A person who violates this section commits an offense. June 2, 2019. 2359), Sec. "Dark money," or political money where the donors of the money do not have to be disclosed, originated in which U.S. Supreme Court case? PROHIBITION ON LOBBYING BY PERSON MAKING OR AUTHORIZING CERTAIN POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND DIRECT CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURES. Only contributions to Democrats and Republicans or liberal and conservative outside groups are included in calculating the percentages the donor has given to either party. 253.155. 1, eff. a) Find the minimax choice? ~~~~~\text{Dining out} & & 100.00 & 63.80\\[10pt] 253.1601. Correct Answer(s) (b) A political committee assisted by a corporation or labor organization under Section 253.100 commits an offense if it accepts or uses money or any other thing of value that is known by a member or officer of the political committee to have been obtained in violation of Subsection (a). An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor. (e) This section does not apply to a political contribution made to the principal political committee of the state executive committee or a county executive committee of a political party that provides goods or services, including political advertising or a campaign communication, to or for the benefit of judicial candidates. Sec. 1009 (H.B. 253.154. 426 (H.B. Other times, they link together nicknames such as Tim Brown and Timothy Brown at the same address. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. (b) The commission shall base the amount of the penalty on: (3) the amount necessary to deter future violations; and. According to Table 3.6, does the Texas House or Senate have a greater proportion of Safe Republican Seats? Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. ELECTION CODE CHAPTER 253. RESTRICTIONS ON CONTRIBUTIONS AND - Texas Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. June 16, 1995. June 2, 2019. Tech billionaire 2020 election donations: Final tally - CNBC For purposes of Sections 253.155 and 253.157, a contribution to a specific-purpose committee for the purpose of supporting a judicial candidate, opposing the candidate's opponent, or assisting a judicial officeholder is considered to be a contribution to the candidate or officeholder. 384 (H.B. June 2, 2019. As of the 2020 Census, Texas state senators represented an average of 940,177 residents. This subchapter applies only to a political contribution or political expenditure in connection with the office of: (1) chief justice or justice, supreme court; (2) presiding judge or judge, court of criminal appeals; (3) chief justice or justice, court of appeals; Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. Critics have accused it of being -. 5.08, eff. Based on data released by the FEC on April 01, 2021. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 3.57 & 4.38 \\ Incorrect Answer(s) (b) Repealed by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. Incorrect Answer(s) Except for the Revolving Door section, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License by OpenSecrets.org. Texas Govt test 1 Flashcards | Chegg.com There are unconstitutional portions of voting rights act of 1965. OpenSecrets A 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, charitable organization 1100 13th Street, NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20005 (202) 857-0044 INFO: info@crp.org Correct Answer(s) ~~~~~\text{Emergency fund} & & 50.00 & 50.00\\ They have intimate knowledge of the government process. 2 See answers Advertisement MubeenaD \text{EXPENDITURES FOR THE MONTH OF JULY} - The northeastern region of the U.S. has more lobbyists per capita than Texas PACs can send a message to a candidate. $$ Sec. / While larger legislatures may be what else? ~~~~~\text{Credit payments} & & 50.00 & 41.74\\ Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. Incorrect Answer(s) Who submits a recommended budget to the Texas legislature? D. The legislature of each only meets once a year. Research: Josh Altic Vojsava Ramaj Sec. 3580), Sec. $$. Sec. Multimember districts promote representation or domination, and single-member districts can promote what kind of representation? September 1, 2009. (c) Repealed by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. (2) the loan is made in the due course of business. Sept. 1, 2001. June 2, 2019. (d) A person who violates this section is liable for a civil penalty not to exceed three times the amount of political contributions used in violation of this section. 2, eff. 2, eff. 7, eff. (a) A candidate or officeholder or a specific-purpose committee for supporting, opposing, or assisting the candidate or officeholder may not knowingly make or authorize a payment from a political contribution to purchase real property or to pay the interest on or principal of a note for the purchase of real property. ~~~~~\text{Pledges/contributions} & &8.33 & 0\\ 3233), Sec. (a) A corporation or labor organization may make one or more direct campaign expenditures from its own property for the purpose of communicating directly with its stockholders or members, as applicable, or with the families of its stockholders or members. (a) A corporation or labor organization that knowingly makes a campaign contribution to a political committee or a direct campaign expenditure in violation of Subchapter D is liable for damages as provided by this section to each political committee of opposing interest in the election in connection with which the contribution or expenditure is made. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. (c) Reasonable attorney's fees incurred in the suit may be awarded to the defendant if judgment is rendered in the defendant's favor. Texas ranks last among all the states in voting rates. Sometimes there are misspelled names, like a John Doe, John Dough, and John and Mary Dow, all at the same address. COMMUNICATION WITH STOCKHOLDERS OR MEMBERS. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. Sec. 304, Sec. 1, eff. 384 (H.B. Added by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. - Bigger states tend to have more lobbyists per capita than smaller states An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor. 1096, Sec. TEXAS ETHICS COMMISSION CAMPAIGN FINANCE GUIDE FOR POLITICAL COMMITTEES Revised January 1, 2023 . contract to purchase real property in Maryland The date indicated by the post office cancellation mark or the common or contract carrier documents is considered to be the date the contribution was placed in the mail or delivered to the common or contract carrier unless proven otherwise. (a-1) A candidate or officeholder or a specific-purpose committee for supporting, opposing, or assisting the candidate or officeholder may not knowingly make or authorize a payment from a political contribution for the rental or purchase of real property from: (1) a person related within the second degree by consanguinity or affinity, as determined under Chapter 573, Government Code, to the candidate or officeholder; or. electing a speaker of the house Groups that represent which of the following interests tend to dominate the Texas legislature? Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 3233), Sec. 3.73 & 4.05 \\ 1, eff. 253.036. (2) held an office other than a judicial office, unless the person had become a candidate for judicial office and the contribution was made in connection with an election for judicial office. 2, eff. (b) A political contribution made by a corporation or labor organization under this section does not constitute a violation of Section 253.094(a) and the acceptance of the political contribution does not constitute a violation of Section 253.003(b). Ballotpedia features 395,557 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. ), Correct answers: A voter who w ants his representative to make decisions based solely on the will of the people desires which type of representative? Fundraising in Texas state legislative elections, 2020, Democrats vs. Republicans, by the numbers, List of political parties in the United States, Signature requirements and deadlines for 2023 state government elections, Comparing campaign finance data in state elections, 2018-2020, Federal campaign finance laws and regulations, Texas House of Representatives elections, 2020, Ballotpedia: Our partnership with Transparency USA, State legislative special elections (2023), State legislative special elections (2022), How vacancies are filled in state legislatures, When state legislators assume office after a general election, Population represented by state legislators, State constitutional articles governing state legislatures, State legislature candidate requirements by state, State legislative chambers that use multi-member districts, Factors Affecting Competitiveness in State Legislative Elections, State senators sorted by year first elected, State representatives sorted by year first elected, Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy, https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Fundraising_in_Texas_state_legislative_elections,_2020&oldid=8161340, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. RESTRICTIONS ON CONTRIBUTIONS TO LEGISLATIVE CAUCUSES DURING AND FOLLOWING REGULAR LEGISLATIVE SESSION. (A) $1,000, if the population of the judicial district is less than 250,000; (B) $2,500, if the population of the judicial district is 250,000 to one million; or. the second resale? (a-2) In addition to the contribution limits imposed on each contribution in Subsection (a-1), a judicial candidate or officeholder may not accept a political contribution in excess of $50 from a general-purpose committee if the contribution, when aggregated with all political contributions from all general-purpose committees in connection with an election, would exceed: (1) for a statewide judicial office, $300,000; (2) for the office of chief justice or justice, court of appeals: (A) $75,000, if the population of the judicial district is more than one million; or, (B) $52,500, if the population of the judicial district is one million or less; or. Influence all branches of government at all levels. 3233), Sec. \text{Expenses} & & \text{Budgeted} & \text{Spent}\\[10pt] 1, eff. 3233), Sec. 253.007. (a) For purposes of the contribution limits prescribed by Section 253.155 or 253.157 and the limit on reimbursement of personal funds and repayment of certain loans prescribed by Section 253.162, the general and primary elections are considered separate elections for a candidate whose name appears on the ballot. 1219 (S.B. Sec. 3233), Sec. 253.031. An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree. 1, eff. The decision to contribute is made knowingly and voluntarily by the minor; The funds, goods or services contributed are owned or controlled by the minor, proceeds from a trust for which he or she is a beneficiary or funds withdrawn by the minor from a . Battle for the Senate 2022 . 3066), Sec. Sec. Sec. The term does not include: (1) payments made to defray ordinary and necessary expenses incurred in connection with activities as a candidate or in connection with the performance of duties or activities as a public officeholder, including payment of rent, utility, and other reasonable housing or household expenses incurred in maintaining a residence in Travis County by members of the legislature who do not ordinarily reside in Travis County, but excluding payments prohibited under Section 253.038; or. 3903), Sec. 1087 (H.B. 209 (H.B. How much did they budget for transportation costs? - Most campaign donations go to Republicans in the Texas legislature. for $192,000. June 2, 2019. 3, eff. 2.07, 2.08, eff. June 2, 2019. 253.159. Sec. Sept. 1, 1997. (d) A corporation or labor organization may not make expenditures under this section for: (1) political consulting to support or oppose a candidate; (2) telephoning or telephone banks to communicate with the public; (3) brochures and direct mail supporting or opposing a candidate; (4) partisan voter registration and get-out-the-vote drives; (5) political fund-raising other than from its stockholders or members, as applicable, or the families of its stockholders or members; (6) voter identification efforts, voter lists, or voter databases that include persons other than its stockholders or members, as applicable, or the families of its stockholders or members; (7) polling designed to support or oppose a candidate other than of its stockholders or members, as applicable, or the families of its stockholders or members; or.
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