Wake Keeping, Viewing and service in Dallas, Texas. Although Duke town is believed to have been occupied since the 15th century by the Enwang, it was not until the 17th century that the Efiom Ekpo families moved in large waves to the site. In the case of the latter, in the heat of the confusion, villagers would be kidnapped and sent to Calabar were they were sold. The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. I Am Niki Buroro Agbor Ekpe Jerome a holder of a professional Masters in Forestry and wildlife Engineering with focus on Protected Area Management, Masters of Science in Forest Governance and policies from University of Dschang and Professional Masters in Environmental Science (ESIA) university of Yaounde 1. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. [66] Define monsoon, Sanskrit, raja, caste system, caste, Hinduism, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, Buddhism, ascetic, nirvana. [72] Iwewe is also regarded as a sacrificial meal often prepared for the Efik deities. authority as head of the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society. an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too . The cloth is then dipped in indigo dye and hung to dry. Sunjata's sister, Kolonkan, angers her younger brother Manding Bori when she: uses her powers to take the internal organs from animals he and his brothers killed, without cutting the animals open. Goldie describes Eburutu as a country that consists of various ethnic groups. Origin Nsibidi symbols which are indigenous to Igbo, Ibibio, Efik, Annang and Ekoi/Ejagham members of the Ekpe society. [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. [15] Ekereke and Ekereke further assert that the word was later changed to "Efik". One theory propounded by Okon and Nkpanam Ekereke asserts that the term "Efuk" was a word of defiance and an expression used by the Ibibio man when in a fit of rage. What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. And it's a symbol in both. The Ekpe was vested with the powers of policing and bringing justice to the Efik kingdom. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. Group members would disguise themselves as leopards, wearing leopard skins, carrying claw-like weapons, and attacking their prey. Cameroon with the Ekpe cult. [49] Prior to the arrival of the Efiom Ekpo group, oral tradition has it that when some Efik migrated to Creek town from Ndodoghi, The Enwang did not join them but migrated to the present site of Duke town. The Ekpe society most likely originated among the Efik people of southern Nigeria and from there spread across other tribes and language groups in Southern Nigeria. There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. [37] The Uruan invasion at Ikpa Ene is believed to be the origin of the Efik saying, "Ama okut Ibibio, ku n enye ika, Idem amasat Ibibio eyewot owo"(English: When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you). Another account claimed that Efik people introduced the Ekpe between 1720 and 1729 during the initial migration of Calabar. Opinions expressed belong solely to the author and do not represent the views of other Members, Management, or the Community at large. [53] It was common for Efik traders to take up trading names during the period of the transatlantic slave trade. According to E.U. The Ekpe society is the most renowned traditional institution in Efik history. Several periods have been estimated by foreign scholars and indigenous historians. The design is left to the discretion of the Ezillo creators, who are not Ekpe members and do not know the meanings of nsibidi. After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. Some of the musical instruments that are important in the culture we have discussed are: the bala (balaphon), a kind of xylophone, and the kora, a gourd harp. The Ekpe society, the regulatory society in Manyu Division also fixed a heavy fine on any defaulter. The Ekpe is a men's society found in Abiriba, Aro-chukwu, Ohafia and many other Bende communities in Igbo land, it is a variation of the important Egbo Ejagham ( Ekoi) in the Upper Cross-River as well as the Efik Ekpe Society of Calabar. It described the religion, social, economic and political structures of the society as progressive and dynamic. In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. The version of Sunjata we have read is not the only version because: No version was ever written down by a skilled jeli, since Mande traditional society considers any story written down to be "dead". These secret societies were used to uphold the legal decisions of the Council of Elders or of the community as a whole, they also ensured conformity in certain rituals and in social behaviour and undertook certain public works for the community (n.d.). Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources [33] Abasi was angered by the Uruan woman and cursed the Uruan people who started to punish her for her insubordination. Due to the Obutong massacre of 1765 and several other incidents, the Ekpe society of Old Calabar was transformed into the Abaku cult in Cuba, the Bonk cult in Bioko and the Abakuya dance in mainland Equatorial Guinea. The ethnic group to which most of the characters belong is the __________________people. Ikpaya is now worn by an Obong-elect during the traditional coronation ceremony. Another theory narrated by Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong asserts that Antia Ekot Otong founded Obutong. The year 1841 marked the official signing of papers by Efik kings to stop the exportation of slaves from Old Calabar. [34], On leaving the Uruan country, the Efik migrated to Ikpa Ene which is nicknamed Akani Obio Efik(English: Old Efik island). The Efik people occupy the basins of the Lower Cross River, down to southwestern Cameroon including Bakassi, the Calabar River and down to its streams - the Kwa River, Akpayafe (Akpa Ikang) and the Eniong Creek. After the decline of the slave trade, the Efik transitioned into the business of exporting palm oil from the Cross river. Among these missionaries were Rev. For the first time in history, Ekpe had a presentation at the highest institution of cultural anthropology in the world, the Smithsonian Museum. LEFT Omabe Eze sewing an ukara, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. It was found in operation among a tribe down the coast towards Camaroons, but was improved and extended in its new field of operations.[60]. LEFT Mgballa Ekpe lodge with Ekpe members, Arochukwu, southeastern Nigeria. Imhotep was a revered personality as he was believed to be with super powers of healing and influencing people and affairs of the community. [33] When the husband of the Uruan woman learnt of the issue, he wanted to fight the Efik. Nigeria and Cameroon (Lebialem and Manyu), Ekpe Society Resolutions from meeting held on September 16th 2011 in DC, Auto-Biography of Sisiku Emmanuel Ojong-Orock, Leader of Cameroonian Ekpe Lodge in Metropolitan DC. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . [33] Abasi's husband insisted that the problem should be resolved by the chiefs. The Efik people are well known for a diverse number of cuisines. [42] K.K. The persistence oftheAbakua society contradicts the official construction ofa Cuban national identity. Efik traders played a major role during the era of the Transatlantic slave trade. Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Although used exclusively by members of Ekpe, ukara is produced by a sub-group in a village of the Ezillo community in present-day Ebonyi State in the Igbo area in southeastern Nigeria. [36] According to Aye, "Ikpa Ene could not carry the bulk of Iboku population, Ndodoghi had to accommodate what spilt over, and the two settlements, still under one rule, were separated by the left branch of the river which became their "inland sea". . The Ekpe Society or Mgbe society as it is also fondly called is very reputable and covers a wider range of ethnic groups such as: the Efut; the Efik; the Qua-Ejegham, and the Okonko ( the Igbo-speaking areas). of Old Calabar by the Ekpe secret society, which was controlled by the towns merchant houses. Several theories have been propounded on the origin of the word. It is also used by the Igbo and Efik. Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. [48] Jeffreys theory is unpopular with a large majority of the Efik. Festival organised by Global Music Exchange (ht. These they handcuffed, brought down to the canoes, and so proceeded up the river, till they got to the amount of 45, with whom they returned to New town, where sending to the captains of the shipping, they divided them among the ships.[56]. Ukara cloth, an indigo stitched and dyed cloth is significant to the people of Igbo land. [14], The name "Efik" translates to "Oppressors" and is derived from the Efik-Ibibio verb root "Fik" (English: Oppress). In The River Between, Waiyaki's father, Chege, is: The new, white man's religion is represented by the: Early in the story, Waiyaki undergoes his "second birth". part of the Balondos or Orokos in Ndian in Southern Cameroon) and Idombi (ie present town, called Bamusso in Ndian-Southern . With the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, a number of foreign clothes were introduced into Efik society. Colonial Anthropologist M.D.W. [65] Although the missionaries and rulers of Creek town and Duke town protested, their protests fell on deaf ears. The nsibidi may convey meaning either singularly or in groups, and each sign may be figurative, geometric, or abstract, or may represent a physical object, concept, or narrative. You are using an out of date browser. [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. [61] One of such letters written by King Eyamba V and the chiefs of Old Calabar states: Now we settle treaty for not sell slave, I must tell you something, I want your Queen to do for we. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors ( ikan ). Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. Iwewe is a type of boiled yam mashed with a small amount of palm oil and stirred with a spoon. Ekpe cult, the leopard cult, and a male masquerade cult of the Efik, in cross river state of Nigeria, followed by Doomsday cult (prediction of total destruction of planet earth), then the. Welcome to brotherhood Illuminati where you can becomerich famous and popular and your life story we be changetotally my name is Dan Jerry I am here to share mytestimony on how I join the great brotherhood Illuminatiand my life story was change immediately . I am a young researcher who have a great love for forest conservation, community . Simple theme. The process of creating this richly symbolic cloth is laborious. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the Individual symbols may also have multiple meanings, rendering context important and interpretation inevitable in the "reading" of the body of represented signs. [47] At the time of their exit from Creek town, the reigning monarch of Creek town was their half brother Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai. History The Ekoi people, while all speaking the same language, have not tended to live in complete unison. of Bamum, of Cameroon in his kingly attire seated on the throne with his chiefs flanked round him (Plate 2). Abaku is an Afro-Cuban men's initiatory fraternity, or secret society, which originated from the Ekpe society in the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. . Ekpe" which literally means Lion, is a traditional secret society originated from the Ekoi tribe in Cross River State. Among these included Yams, Fufu and an unidentified type of black soup frequently mentioned in 19th century Old Calabar literature. A fraternal society that emerged in the western culture between the 16th and 7th century. ekpe society cameroon. (b) Analyze Cause and Effect: What events prevent their success? [49] The Enwang are believed to have ruled Atakpa for a number of years. Another account from the Qua claimed that Ekpe (Mgbe) migrated from Cameroon. In the culture we have discussed, the term fadenya refers to: the relationship between father and child, and half siblings - requiring self-assertion, independence, innovation, and competition. Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. http://Ekpesociety.blogspot.com; www.ekpe.org; http://Ekpesocietyusa.blogspot.com; http://ndiboyevengo.blogspot.com, Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting, Ekpe Chief Maurice Enoh's funeral in Dallas on January 27th and 28th 2012, Maurice Enoh: The 1st Manyu Ekpe USA Sessekou to die in USA, Maurice Enoh returning from his crowning ceremony as Ekpe Chief in Kepelle Village, Ekpe-USA received at the Smithsonian Museum. [64] They insisted that Obutong be completely destroyed. Efik names were often anglicised to gain the trust of European traders. To cast light on African perspectives, and on the point of view of enslaved men and women, this group of top Africanist scholars has examined both conventional historical sources (e.g., European. [36] Among these laws were the Abolition of twin-killings, abolition of the esere bean ordeal, abolition of human sacrifices and several other practices. Cameroon-Nigeria Relations, 1884-1961: A Study in Political, Economic and Social Interactions Between Two Nigerian Neighbouring States. Many believe this groups village at present day Deir el-Medina was the original location where freemasonry began. [52] The breach of agreement to halt such practices was punished by blowing Ekpe on Obutong and forbidding funeral rites of the chief until the murderers were brought to justice. Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. In the culture we have discussed, the term jamu refers to: each person's family name, which connects the person to a famous character in the story of Sunjata. [62][63] The first missionaries arrived in 1846. through the Illuminati Iwas able to become rich, and have many industry on myown and become famous and popular in my country , todayme and my family is living happily and I am the mosthappiest man here is the opportunity for you to join theIlluminati and become rich and famous in life and be likeother people and you life we be change totally.If you areinterested in joining the great brotherhood Illuminati.thencontact him +2348106618681 or for more information +1(705)8062021 email:illuminatibrotherpowerful@gmail.com or you need my assistance email:danjerry04@gmail.com Shame to the Manyu people and great men o Manyu, that you as enlightened as I know will willfully distort a tradition that back dates as long as 400 to 800hundred. [23][24], The Oriental original is most popular among indigenous Efik historians such as E.U. Photo by Eli Bentor. Ema Atai Ema Atai, Edidem, Biop sai." Body art plays a major role in Ibibio art. Ivor Miller: The voice of the leopard is the main symbol of the Ekpe society of the Cross River region ofNigeria and Cameroon, which was re-created in colonial Cuba as the Abaku society. In the culture we have discussed, the term badenya refers to: the relationship between the mother and child, and full siblings - implying closeness, trust, cooperation, unselfishness, and acceptance of rules. Some of the oldest of these societies were Nyana Nyaku and Nsibidi. [82] The name Itu ita translates to three manatees and is named because the masts of the ship resembled the manatee (Itu). [9] The largest group moved to Creek town from Ndodoghi led by the priest-king Eyo Ema Atai.[38]. Originally, the Efik obtained slaves by going to war with other communities or creating confusion in other communities. According to him . Law and order in Efik society was maintained via a number of secret societies. The first letter of the word is correctly written as "" and denotes plurality. The society is still active at the beginning of the 21st century, now playing more of a ceremonial role. [52] The missionaries respected the native law but the European Captains acted rashly and desired that an example be set on Obutong. Names such as Okon became Hogan, Orok became Duke, Akabom became Cobham, Ene became Henry, Asibong became Archibong. [19], The Ibibio origin of the Efik is one of the most popular among scholars. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the BenueCongo subfamily of the Niger-Congo language group. According to Asuquo, Asibong Eso of Obutong was Old King Robin; Ekpenyong Efa of Adiabo was King John; Ani Eniang Nkot of Mbiabo Ikoneto was Robin King Agbisherea; Oku Ukpong Eton Ani of Mbiabo Ikot Offiong was William King Agbisherea; while Ukorebi Neneng Esien Ndem Ndem of Obomitiat Ikoneto was King Ebrero[55]. Ekpe Society Emblem, Ejaham, Cameroon Dog Fetish, Vili, Congo Mlbuya (sickness) mask, Pende, Zaire Nimba Mask, Baga, Guinea Picasso Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Bust of a Woman, 1931 Tte de taureau (Bull's Head), 1942 La chvre (The goat) 1950 Other references . the exhibition explores the long- [32] At night when everyone had gone to sleep, the men from Uruan rose up and began to slaughter their hosts. One of the most important castes in this society is the jeli caste. Welcome, Love, Peace and Unity in Nsibidi. The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". cherryblossom wrote on watzinaname's profile. . Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. ________. kp philosophy is grounded in "Cross River region concepts of community that include the living, the ancestors, and the land itself" [ Ekpe being] "a school for esoteric teachings [ revealing] ideal stages in a person's life [ in their growth to] maturity within their communities [ framing terrestrial experience within the context of the In his well researched thesis titled "Ekpe Imperium in South Eastern Nigeria", Anwana (2002) identified a plenitude of evidences to validate the Ejagham/Ekoi origins of the Ekpe society. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. [1] The trade-off is that the Amama often control the majority of the community wealth. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. The cult members are usually violent and self-destructive to the point of committing suicide. [53] Some of the kings have been identified in the past by Etubom Ukorebi Ukorebi Asuquo in Aye's Efik people. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Objects and images in the exhibition courtesy of Dr. Eli Bentor. The Ekpe Masquerade Jun. [40] The outcome of the fall of the tree led to several deaths in their clan. One theory states that the Efik and Uruan had separate religious customs and the Efik refused to worship the Uruan deity Atakpor Uruan Inyang. [52] These atrocities angered the missionaries and European captains alike. African literature has been disregarded as serious literature in the past because: Original African systems of recording information in symbols include the ______ script, of the Ekpe society of the Ejagham of Cameroon and Nigeria. An account from the Qua said the origin of the Ekpe people can be traced to Cameron. society to its Caribbean incarnation, which has deeply influenced Cuba's creative energy and popular consciousness. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. These Ngolo created the Ekpe society and invented the Nsibidi writing system in Usakadet (Isangele). Speaking at the ceremony, the head of Ekpe of Afap village, Seseku Daniel Laluh said with Prof Ayuk's commitment in the village, the Ekpe society thought it necessary to confer him the Seseku. The group has managed to stay mostly hidden for over more than 100 years. There is not even one single manyangero mentioned on all the write up on any of the ekpe/mgbe stories. The society combines a kind of freemasonry with political and law enforcing aims. In the traditional Soninke tale of "Gasire's Lute", the son of the king contributes tragically to the fall of his kingdom when he: becomes too impatient to become king himself, gets his own sons killed in battle, becomes a poet-bard rather than wait to become king, causes his own people to rebel against his desire to keep fighting. In part because of their appropriation, exclusive use, and understanding of nsibidi, Ekpe members in the pre-colonial past were thought to have access to the spiritual realm and were, therefore, empowered to make and enforce societal rules and norms. Sunjata's half-brother, Dankaran Touman, enrages Sunjata and nearly causes civil war by: murdering an innocent young man, thinking he is Sunjata. clothing stores in columbia mall The symbols are arranged in a grid, giving the cloths an orderly, symmetrical quality that is often reinforced by repeated patterns. The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". Original African systems of recording information in symbols include the Nsibidi script, of the Ekpe society of the Ejagham of Cameroon and Nigeria.